The growing trade in Mali's western provinces with Portugal witnessed the exchange of envoys between the two nations. Musa stayed in Cairo for three months, departing on 18 October[k] with the official caravan to Mecca. [125] Farin was a general term for northern commander at the time. [118] Mahmud sought support from several other rulers, including the governor of Kala, Bukar. He never took the field again after Kirina, but his generals continued to expand the frontier, especially in the west where they reached the Gambia River and the marches of Tekrur. Mansa Mahmud Keita II received the Portuguese envoys Pro d'vora and Gonalo Enes in 1487. [70][141] With the help of the river clans, this army could be deployed throughout the realm on short notice. Mali's wealth in gold did not primarily come from direct rule of gold-producing regions, but rather from tribute and trade with the regions where gold was found. Kankoro-sigui Mari Djata, who had no relation to the Keita clan, essentially ran the empire in Musa Keita II's stead. [116] Songhai authority over Bendugu and Kala declined by 1571, and Mali may have been able to reassert some authority over them. Hunters from the Ghana Empire (or Wagadou), particularly mythical ancestors Kontron and Sanin, founded Manding and the Malink and Bambaras hunter brotherhood. The emperor himself rode on horseback and was directly preceded by 500 enslaved persons, each carrying a gold-adorned staff. The fame of Mansa Musa and his phenomenal wealth spread as he traveled on his hajjto Mecca. Evidence of cavalry in terracotta figures suggest the empire's prosperous economy as horses are not indigenous to Africa. Who would native Malians have considered their greatest ruler? By the 6th century AD, the lucrative trans-Saharan trade in gold, salt and slaves had begun, facilitating the rise of West Africa's great empires. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. [60] The anglicised version of this name, Sunjata, is also popular. They founded the first village of the Manding, Kirikoroni, then Kirina, Siby, Kita. The post of a farba was very prestigious, and his descendants could inherit it with the mansa's approval. The "Qur'an" had a great importance to Mansa Musa as it states "God loves the charitable" (Document D). It was during Suleyman's 19-year reign that Ibn Battuta visited Mali. . [93] Musa may have brought as much as 18 tons of gold on his hajj,[94] equal in value to over US$957million in 2022. Cairo and Mecca received this royal personage, whose glittering procession, in the superlatives employed by Arab chroniclers, almost put Africas sun to shame.

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