Therefore, an international agreement is necessary to ensure that nuclear weapons are only used for deterrence purposes and never deployed in a conflict. By Charles Yu. 22 Ibid, at 124, 126-127. Here, Frankfurt presents the act of being able to do otherwise as a necessary condition for the ascription of moral responsibility. Irrespective of which world one is referring to, then, S should be morally condemned for performing E in (1) but morally praised for the action carried out in (2). The Federalist was originally planned to be a series of essays for publication in New York City newspapers, but ultimately expanded into a collection of 85 essays, which were published as two volumes in March and May 1788. Jones is therefore morally responsible for his action (even in a world corresponding to W1) in virtue of doing what he would have done in a world where alternate possibilities exist (namely, W2). PAP(s) is, however, not vulnerable to Frankfurts counter-example, as I shall now demonstrate. Stump, E. (1996). They would point out that the catastrophic consequences of a nuclear war would affect not only the warring nations but also the entire world. Now the doctrine that coercion and moral responsi- In the scenario above, involving Jones and the counterfactual intervener, Black or even in similar Frankfurt-style scenarios arguably clauses (a) and (b) are violated. In the following sentence, underline the collective noun once. 1969 Journal of Philosophy, Inc. So he waits until Jones is about to make up his mind what to do, and does nothing unless it is clear to him (Black is an excellent judge of such things) that Jones is going to decide to do something other than what he wants him to do. Atomic bombs containing a larger quantity of active material but still weighing less than one ton may be expected to be available within ten years which could destroy over ten square miles of a city. Do you agree that under certain circumstances, R2P should override sovereignty? The consequences of nuclear warfare, and the type of measures which would have to be taken to protect a country from total destruction by nuclear bombing, must be as abhorrent to other nations as to the United States. What Is the Ontological Argument for God's Existence? They did not become known as "The Federalist Papers" until the 20th century. 21 Fairness, at 110. If in this way, check is kept on the conversion of uranium and thorium ore into pure fissionable materials, the question arises as to how to prevent accumulation of large quantities of such materials in the hands of one or several nations. Putting all of this together, we can now see how each sufficient condition contains a different form of, and therefore a different role for, alternate possibilities. Despite such objections, educators have continued to find Pedagogy of the Oppressed relevant and to adapt its arguments to their contemporary context. In: J. E. Tomberlin (Ed. Alternate possibilities (or at least an alternate possibility) are therefore necessary in some form for the ascription of moral responsibility (as we have seen), but acknowledging this is not the same as saying that it is necessary that S could have done otherwise on a given occasion (as is required by the original PAP). ProStarSolar > Blog Classic > Uncategorized > contemporaries who agreed with franck's argument. Then, underline twice the verb in parentheses that agrees in number with the collective noun. All images are each office/photographer mentioned.

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