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9, 58. This paper reviews relevant facts about the biology of broomrape weeds, the key mechanisms they employ to attack crops and the control methods already developed or in development that directly target those mechanisms. Broomrapes produce little or no chlorophyll; instead, they draw nourishment from the roots of other plants by means of small suckers called haustoria. The physiology and biochemistry of parasitic angiosperms. doi: 10.2135/cropsci2004.2221. This is maintained by accumulation of solutes mainly potassium at higher concentrations than in the corresponding host tissues (Abbes et al., 2009). And four, despite reports on broomrape inefficient machinery for nitrogen assimilation, and on amino acid fluxes from the host phloem to the parasite, herbicides inhibiting amino acid biosynthesis in the parasite via suppressive action on broomrape-encoded acetolactate synthase (ALS) and enol-pyruvylshikimate phosphate synthase (EPSPS) enzymes are able to kill broomrape. Field Crops Res. Sources of resistance to crenate broomrape among species of Vicia. An official website of the United States government. Biochem. Dev. Direct toxic effects by urea and ammonium but not nitrate forms inhibit broomrape seed germination and radicle elongation (Jain and Foy, 1992; Abu-Irmaileh, 1994; van Hezewijk and Verkleij, 1996; Westwood and Foy, 1999). 7, 34133420. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00742.x, Rubiales, D., Fernandez-Aparicio, M., and Rodriguez, M. J. J. Sci. PDF 7 K H Uh Od Wlr Q V K Ls E H Wz H H Q Wh P S H Ud Wx Uh D Q G V P D Oo control in pea (Pisum sativum L.) by foliar applications of benzothiadiazole (BTH). Zhang, Y., Luc, J. E., and Crow, W. T. (2010). Several toxins have been identified with inhibitory activity on broomrape parasitism by interfering with broomrape germination and radicle elongation (Vurro et al., 2009; Fernndez-Aparicio et al., 2013; Cimmino et al., 2014). Biocontrol 47, 245277. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-3180.2009.00748.x. Org. Sieve elements of both organisms are already interconnected by interspecific sieve pores at early stages of parasitism. 89, 177181. based on a life cycle model. doi: 10.1614/WS-07-049.1, Liu, Q., Zhang, Y., Matusova, R., Charnikhova, T., Amini, M., Jamil, M., et al. doi: 10.1093/aob/mcr261, Joel, D. M., Chaudhuri, S. K., Plakhine, D., Ziadna, H., and Steffens, J. C. (2011). FIGURE 2. eCollection 2021 Sep 13. Biol. J. Pest Manag. The ability of L-methionine to stop the entrance of broomrape intrusive cells into the host-root layers has not been studied. Peagol and peagoldione, two new strigolactone like metabolites isolated from pea root exudates. Weed Res. Other interesting molecules that hamper the ability of broomrape radicle to reach the host have been recently discovered from different microbial and plant origins (Fernndez-Aparicio et al., 2013; Cimmino et al., 2014). The site is secure. Westwood, J. H., and Foy, C. L. (1999). Inhibition of seed conditioning and subsequent germination mediated by inhibitors of GA synthesis reduces the receptivity of broomrape seeds to germination-inducing factors.